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Tesis:

Análisis y modelizado del comportamiento dinámico de articulaciones humanas mediante la caracterización metrológica y tribológica de sus superficies

  • Autor: D’AMATO, Roberto

  • Título: Análisis y modelizado del comportamiento dinámico de articulaciones humanas mediante la caracterización metrológica y tribológica de sus superficies

  • Fecha: 2017

  • Materia: Sin materia definida

  • Escuela: E.T.S.I. DISEÑO INDUSTRIAL

  • Departamentos: INGENIERIA MECANICA,QUIMICA Y DISEÑO INDUSTRIAL

  • Acceso electrónico: http://oa.upm.es/47302/

  • Director/a 1º: GÓMEZ GARCÍA, Emilio
  • Director/a 2º: CALVO IRANZO, Roque

  • Resumen: In this PhD thesis the work of analysis, analytical modelling and numerical resolution, has been developed. This study is directed and focused to describe and explain the dynamic functioning and parameters of influence in the complex tribological system that constitutes the human joint of the ankle. Recent studies have shown that dynamic loads can adversely affect the activity of chondrocytes (cartilage cells) with lesions that depend on the frequency and intensity of the load. Lubrication mechanisms play an important role in the long-term performance of both natural joints as well as joint prostheses. In fact, the understanding of the mechanism of lubrication and its coupling with an appropriate choice of morphological parameters are of fundamental importance for the development of interventions for the treatment of degeneration and loss of articular cartilage. This is to be recommended in the light of the clinical problems associated with current joint prosthesis after their massive outbreak since 1960. The present work can be divided into three macro parts. A first descriptive part of the problem to be developed. A second part where a theoretical and experimental study methodology has been presented and implemented for the correct development of a dynamic approximate analytical model of ankle joint function. In this part, in fact, it has been possible to investigate the concept of metrology and tribology in general, thus posing real problems in the industrial world. The third part, which represents the core of this thesis, has allowed to develop and find a solution to the tribological problem posed with particular attention to the geometry of the lubricated contact of the human ankle, to the tissues that take part in the correct functioning of the joint , to the characteristics of the synovial fluid that lubricates the dynamic contact under study and, finally, to the deformation of the cartilage. In such a section, an experimental study has also been presented for the tribological characterization of different materials that constitute human articular prostheses with the aim at applying the fluidodynamic model to prosthetic joint implants. This thesis contains eight chapters that will be summarized below with the aim of highlighting the conclusions and the scientific results achieved regarding both the general scope of this thesis and the partial achievements of each chapter.